White light contains all colors in combination. It has frequencies of about 4 × 10 14 to 8 × 10 14 cycles per second, or hertz (Hz) and wavelengths of about 740 nanometers (nm) or 2.9 × 10 −5 inches, to 380 nm (1.5 × 10 −5 inches).įor instance, yellow contains light from both the red and green regions of the visible light spectrum cyan is a mixture of green and blue, and magenta is a blend of red and blue. Visible light falls in the range of the EM spectrum between infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV). gamma-rays (wavelengths less than 4 × 10^−9 inch, or 100 picometers).X-rays (wavelengths between 4 × 10^−7 to 4 × 10^−8 inch, or 100 picometers to 10 nanometers).ultraviolet (UV) (wavelengths between 0.000015 and 0.00003 inch, or 380 to 740 nanometers).visible light,(wavelengths between 0.000015 and 0.00003 inch, or 380 to 740 nanometers).infrared (IR) (wavelengths between 0.00003 and 0.004 inch, or 740 nanometers to 100 micrometers).
microwaves (wavelengths between 0.004 and 0.4 inch, or 0.1 to 10 mm).radio waves (wavelengths greater than 0.4 inch, or 10 millimeters).That spectrum is typically divided into seven regions in order of decreasing wavelength and increasing energy and frequency. This broad range of wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light is a type of electromagnetic radiation, which is transmitted in waves or particles at different wavelengths and frequencies. Raindrops can become natural prisms, causing rainbows when sunlight passes through.The electromagnetic spectrum, from highest to lowest frequency wavelengths. This is why a prism breaks white light up into a rainbow of different colors. When blue light passes from air through a dense glass prism, for example, it bends slightly more than red light does. Different colors of light bend by slightly different amounts. When light passes from one material to another material with a different density, is usually bends or changes course. Light travels most rapidly in a vacuum, and moves slightly slower in materials like water or glass. All forms of electromagnetic waves, including X-rays and radio waves and all other frequencies across the EM spectrum, also travel at the speed of light. At this speed, light could circle Earth more than seven times in one second! The lowercase letter "c" is often used to represent the speed of light in equations, such as Einstein's famous relation between energy and matter: E = mc 2. Light travels at a speed of 299,792 kilometers per second (about 186,282 miles per second). Ultraviolet radiation has shorter waves than blue or violet light, and thus oscillates more rapidly and carries more energy per photon than visible light does. Infrared radiation has longer waves than red light, and thus oscillates at a lower frequency and carries less energy. Visible light's neighbors on the EM spectrum are infrared radiation on the one side and ultraviolet radiation on the other. Red photons of light carry about 1.8 electron volts (eV) of energy, while each blue photon transmits about 3.1 eV. Red light has a frequency around 430 terahertz, while blue's frequency is closer to 750 terahertz. Shorter waves vibrate at higher frequencies and have higher energies. Blue and purple light have short waves, around 400 nm. Red light has relatively long waves, around 700 nm long. Our eyes perceive different wavelengths of light as the rainbow hues of colors. Light waves have wavelengths between about 400 and 700 nanometers (4,000 to 7,000 angstroms). Visible light is just one of many types of EM radiation, and occupies a very small range of the overall electromagnetic spectrum but because we can see light with our eyes, it has special significance to us. Light waves are the result of vibrations of electric and magnetic fields, and are thus a form of electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Visible light is one way energy moves around. Rainbows show how visible light is a combination of many colors.
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